Lupus: How Does Lupus Affect the Body and What Treatments Are Available?

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, causing inflammation in multiple organs. The most common form, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system. Symptoms often include fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes, photosensitivity, and recurrent fevers.

Diagnosis requires a combination of blood tests, clinical evaluation, and imaging studies. Key biomarkers include ANA, anti-dsDNA, and complement levels. Treatment focuses on controlling inflammation, preventing flare-ups, and protecting organ function. Common medications include corticosteroids, antimalarials like hydroxychloroquine, immunosuppressants, and biologic therapies such as belimumab.

Lifestyle adjustments—such as sun protection, stress management, anti-inflammatory nutrition, and regular monitoring—play an important role in disease control. While lupus has no cure, early diagnosis and individualized treatment plans significantly improve long-term outcomes and quality of life.