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• Ice buildup in gutters usually happens because heat escapes from the house and melts snow on the roof. When that water reaches colder areas near the eaves, it refreezes and forms icicles or ice dams.
• Poor attic insulation and ventilation are the main contributors, while clogged gutters can make the problem worse by trapping water. Long-term prevention usually involves improving insulation, increasing attic airflow, and keeping gutters clear.

I’ve explained the causes and prevention steps in more detail here for anyone dealing with this issue:
Ice in Gutters: What Causes Icicles and How to Stop Them