Understanding the Phases of Meiosis

Meiosis is a fascinating and essential process in sexually reproducing organisms. It reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically unique haploid cells (gametes) from one diploid cell.
The whole journey consists of two consecutive divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up, exchange genetic material through crossing over (which creates huge genetic variation), and then separate, resulting in two haploid cells. The key phases here are Prophase I (with crossing over and chiasmata formation), Metaphase I (independent assortment), Anaphase I and Telophase I.
Meiosis II closely resembles mitosis — sister chromatids separate, leading to four non-identical haploid daughter cells. This includes Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II followed by cytokinesis.
These phases of meiosis are crucial not only for maintaining constant chromosome number across generations, but also for generating the genetic diversity that drives evolution.
For a clear visual explanation and detailed breakdown of each stage, check out this helpful guide: phases of meiosis